Disentangling the practice of landscape approaches: a Q-method analysis on experiences in socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes

This paper explores landscape approaches and their applications in socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes. The analysis reveals common goals of empowering local communities to preserve context-specific values. The means to achieve these goals vary based on contextual factors. Four lenses for landscape sustainability are identified. The study emphasizes the need for transdisciplinary and participatory methods in implementing landscape approaches.